Amphibians, owing to their biphasic life cycle and extremely permeable integument, function as sensitive bioindicators of ecological alterations. This study assesses the physicochemical properties of two urban ponds Atma Darshan and Agamkuan Fish Pond in Patna, Bihar, and investigates their influence on local frog populations. Water quality measures such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, and others were examined for seasonal fluctuations over 2016–2017. The results indicate that Atma Darshan Pond has superior water quality, characterised by elevated dissolved oxygen and reduced nitrate concentrations, in contrast to Agamkuan, which displayed indications of eutrophication and heightened pollutant levels. The diversity and number of amphibians were much higher in the vicinity of Atma Darshan Pond, suggesting a more robust ecological condition. Species such as Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Polypedates maculatus, and Duttaphrynus melanostictus were prevalent in the region. Conversely, Agamkuan exhibited a significant reduction in species diversity, presumably because to urban pollution, habitat degradation, and human-induced disturbances. The research highlights the necessity of ongoing surveillance and conservation initiatives to safeguard amphibian biodiversity and preserve the ecological integrity of urban freshwater ecosystems.