This study investigates the effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of urea on the fish
Anabas testudineus. The results show that exposure to urea can lead to:- Changes in haematological parameters, including:- Decrease in Hb, RBC, and WBC- Increase in neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils- Behavioural changes, including:- Loss of natural coloration- Loss of equilibrium- Jerk movements before death
The study suggests that urea concentrations of d” 25.5 mg/l may be more suitable for culturing Anabas
testudineus, as it may promote optimum growth and survival rates. Some potential implications of this
study include:
 The need for careful management of urea levels in aquatic ecosystems to protect fish populations.
 The importance of monitoring haematological parameters in fish to detect potential stressors.
 The potential for using urea at specific concentrations as a fertilizer in aquaculture, while minimizing
its negative effects on fish.
Would you like to know more about the effects of urea on aquatic ecosystems or the importance of
haematological parameters in fish?  This study includes the haematological profile alternations induced by
chronic (20 days) exposure of the fish Anabas testudineus to sublethal concentrations (0.092 ppt) of
urea. Test fishes lost their natural colouration. Loss of equilibrium jerk movement before death is symptoms
show all the test fish.  At haematological levels various parameters, such as Hb,  RBC, WBC decreases while in DLC, Neutrophile, monocytes and eosinophil values increase. So, it is suggested that more suitable
to culture at H2
O fertilizers, urea, and concentration of d” 25.5 mg/l for optimum growth preformation of
survival rate than other water conditions.